IRSend.hpp

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/*
 * IRSend.hpp
 *
 *  Contains common functions for sending
 *
 *  This file is part of Arduino-IRremote https://github.com/Arduino-IRremote/Arduino-IRremote.
 *
 ************************************************************************************
 * MIT License
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2009-2025 Ken Shirriff, Rafi Khan, Armin Joachimsmeyer
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished
 * to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,
 * INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
 * PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
 * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF
 * CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE
 * OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 ************************************************************************************
 */
#ifndef _IR_SEND_HPP
#define _IR_SEND_HPP
 
#if defined(DEBUG)
#define LOCAL_DEBUG
#else
//#define LOCAL_DEBUG // This enables debug output only for this file
#endif
 
#if defined(TRACE) && !defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
#define LOCAL_TRACE
#else
//#define LOCAL_TRACE // This enables debug output only for this file
#endif
 
/*
 * Low level hardware timing measurement
 */
//#define _IR_MEASURE_TIMING // for mark()
//#define _IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN 7 // "pinModeFast(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN, OUTPUT);" is executed at begin()
//
/*
 * This improves readability of code by avoiding a lot of #if defined clauses
 */
#if defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
#define sendPin IR_SEND_PIN
#endif
 
#if !defined(NO_LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
#define LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE // Resolve the double negative
#endif
 
// The sender instance
IRsend IrSender;
 
IRsend::IRsend() { // @suppress("Class members should be properly initialized")
#if !defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
    sendPin = 0;
#endif
}
 
/******************************************************************************************************************
 * LED feedback is always enabled for sending. It can only be disabled by using the macro NO_LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE
 *****************************************************************************************************************/
#if defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
 
void IRsend::begin(){
#if defined(_IR_MEASURE_TIMING) && defined(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN)
    pinModeFast(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN, OUTPUT);
#endif
}
 
void IRsend::begin(uint_fast8_t aFeedbackLEDPin) {
    setLEDFeedbackPin(aFeedbackLEDPin);
}
 
#else // defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
IRsend::IRsend(uint_fast8_t aSendPin) { // @suppress("Class members should be properly initialized")
    sendPin = aSendPin;
}
 
void IRsend::begin(uint_fast8_t aSendPin) {
    sendPin = aSendPin;
}
 
void IRsend::setSendPin(uint_fast8_t aSendPin) {
    sendPin = aSendPin;
}
 
void IRsend::begin(uint_fast8_t aSendPin, uint_fast8_t aFeedbackLEDPin) {
#if defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
    (void) aSendPin; // for backwards compatibility
#else
    sendPin = aSendPin;
#endif
 
#if defined(LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
    setLEDFeedbackPin(aFeedbackLEDPin);
#else
    (void) aFeedbackLEDPin;
#endif
}
#endif // defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
 
// Deprecated
void IRsend::begin(uint_fast8_t aSendPin, bool aEnableLEDFeedback, uint_fast8_t aFeedbackLEDPin) {
    (void) aEnableLEDFeedback;
    begin(aSendPin,aFeedbackLEDPin);
}
 
size_t IRsend::write(IRData *aIRSendData, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
    auto tProtocol = aIRSendData->protocol;
    auto tAddress = aIRSendData->address;
    auto tCommand = aIRSendData->command;
    bool tIsRepeat = (aIRSendData->flags & IRDATA_FLAGS_IS_REPEAT);
    if (tIsRepeat) {
        aNumberOfRepeats = -1; // if aNumberOfRepeats < 0 then only a special repeat frame will be sent
    }
//    switch (tProtocol) { // 26 bytes bigger than if, else if, else
//    case NEC:
//        sendNEC(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, tSendRepeat);
//        break;
//    case SAMSUNG:
//        sendSamsung(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case SONY:
//        sendSony(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, aIRSendData->numberOfBits);
//        break;
//    case PANASONIC:
//        sendPanasonic(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case DENON:
//        sendDenon(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case SHARP:
//        sendSharp(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case JVC:
//        sendJVC((uint8_t) tAddress, (uint8_t) tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats); // casts are required to specify the right function
//        break;
//    case RC5:
//        sendRC5(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, !tSendRepeat); // No toggle for repeats
//        break;
//    case RC6:
//        // No toggle for repeats//        sendRC6(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, !tSendRepeat); // No toggle for repeats
//        break;
//    default:
//        break;
//    }
 
    /*
     * Order of protocols is in guessed relevance :-)
     */
    if (tProtocol == NEC) {
        sendNEC(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == SAMSUNG) {
        sendSamsung(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == SAMSUNG48) {
        sendSamsung48(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == SAMSUNGLG) {
        sendSamsungLG(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == SONY) {
        sendSony(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, aIRSendData->numberOfBits);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == PANASONIC) {
        sendPanasonic(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == DENON) {
        sendDenon(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == SHARP) {
        sendSharp(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == LG) {
        sendLG(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == JVC) {
        sendJVC((uint8_t) tAddress, (uint8_t) tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats); // casts are required to specify the right function
 
    } else if (tProtocol == RC5) {
        sendRC5(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, !tIsRepeat); // No toggle for repeats
 
    } else if (tProtocol == RC6) {
        sendRC6(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, !tIsRepeat); // No toggle for repeats
 
    } else if (tProtocol == KASEIKYO_JVC) {
        sendKaseikyo_JVC(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == KASEIKYO_DENON) {
        sendKaseikyo_Denon(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == KASEIKYO_SHARP) {
        sendKaseikyo_Sharp(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == KASEIKYO_MITSUBISHI) {
        sendKaseikyo_Mitsubishi(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == NEC2) {
        sendNEC2(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == ONKYO) {
        sendOnkyo(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == APPLE) {
        sendApple(tAddress, tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
#if !defined(EXCLUDE_EXOTIC_PROTOCOLS)
    } else if (tProtocol == BOSEWAVE) {
        sendBoseWave(tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == MAGIQUEST) {
        // we have a 32 bit ID/address
        sendMagiQuest(aIRSendData->decodedRawData, tCommand);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == FAST) {
        // We have only 8 bit command
        sendFAST(tCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (tProtocol == LEGO_PF) {
        sendLegoPowerFunctions(tAddress, tCommand, tCommand >> 4, tIsRepeat); // send 5 autorepeats
#endif
 
    } else {
        return 0; // Not supported by write. E.g for BANG_OLUFSEN
    }
    return 1;
}
 
size_t IRsend::write(decode_type_t aProtocol, uint16_t aAddress, uint16_t aCommand, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
//    switch (aProtocol) { // 26 bytes bigger than if, else if, else
//    case NEC:
//        sendNEC(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, tSendRepeat);
//        break;
//    case SAMSUNG:
//        sendSamsung(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case SONY:
//        sendSony(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, aIRSendData->numberOfBits);
//        break;
//    case PANASONIC:
//        sendPanasonic(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case DENON:
//        sendDenon(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case SHARP:
//        sendSharp(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
//        break;
//    case JVC:
//        sendJVC((uint8_t) aAddress, (uint8_t) aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats); // casts are required to specify the right function
//        break;
//    case RC5:
//        sendRC5(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, !tSendRepeat); // No toggle for repeats
//        break;
//    case RC6:
//        // No toggle for repeats//        sendRC6(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, !tSendRepeat); // No toggle for repeats
//        break;
//    default:
//        break;
//    }
 
    /*
     * Order of protocols is in guessed relevance :-)
     */
    if (aProtocol == NEC) {
        sendNEC(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == SAMSUNG) {
        sendSamsung(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == SAMSUNG48) {
        sendSamsung48(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == SAMSUNGLG) {
        sendSamsungLG(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == SONY) {
        sendSony(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, SIRCS_12_PROTOCOL);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == PANASONIC) {
        sendPanasonic(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == DENON) {
        sendDenon(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == SHARP) {
        sendSharp(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == LG) {
        sendLG(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == JVC) {
        sendJVC((uint8_t) aAddress, (uint8_t) aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats); // casts are required to specify the right function
 
    } else if (aProtocol == RC5) {
        sendRC5(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, (aNumberOfRepeats > 0)); // No toggle for repeats
 
    } else if (aProtocol == RC6) {
        sendRC6(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats, (aNumberOfRepeats > 0)); // No toggle for repeats
 
    } else if (aProtocol == KASEIKYO_JVC) {
        sendKaseikyo_JVC(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == KASEIKYO_DENON) {
        sendKaseikyo_Denon(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == KASEIKYO_SHARP) {
        sendKaseikyo_Sharp(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == KASEIKYO_MITSUBISHI) {
        sendKaseikyo_Mitsubishi(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == NEC2) {
        sendNEC2(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == ONKYO) {
        sendOnkyo(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == APPLE) {
        sendApple(aAddress, aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
#if !defined(EXCLUDE_EXOTIC_PROTOCOLS)
    } else if (aProtocol == BOSEWAVE) {
        sendBoseWave(aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == FAST) {
        // We have only 8 bit command
        sendFAST(aCommand, aNumberOfRepeats);
 
    } else if (aProtocol == LEGO_PF) {
        sendLegoPowerFunctions(aAddress, aCommand, aCommand >> 4, (aNumberOfRepeats < 0)); // send 5 autorepeats, except for dedicated repeats
#endif
 
    } else {
        return 0; // Not supported by write. E.g for BANG_OLUFSEN
    }
    return 1;
}
 
/**********************************************************************************************************************
 * SendRaw functions
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
 
void IRsend::sendRaw(const uint16_t aBufferWithMicroseconds[], uint_fast16_t aLengthOfBuffer, uint_fast8_t aIRFrequencyKilohertz) {
// Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aIRFrequencyKilohertz);
 
    /*
     * Raw data starts with a mark.
     */
    for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < aLengthOfBuffer; i++) {
        if (i & 1) {
            // Odd
            space(aBufferWithMicroseconds[i]);
        } else {
            mark(aBufferWithMicroseconds[i]);
        }
    }
}
 
void IRsend::sendRaw(const uint8_t aBufferWithTicks[], uint_fast16_t aLengthOfBuffer, uint_fast8_t aIRFrequencyKilohertz) {
// Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aIRFrequencyKilohertz);
 
    for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < aLengthOfBuffer; i++) {
        if (i & 1) {
            // Odd
            space(aBufferWithTicks[i] * MICROS_PER_TICK);
        } else {
            mark(aBufferWithTicks[i] * MICROS_PER_TICK);
        }
    }
    IRLedOff();  // Always end with the LED off
}
 
void IRsend::sendRaw_P(const uint16_t aBufferWithMicroseconds[], uint_fast16_t aLengthOfBuffer,
        uint_fast8_t aIRFrequencyKilohertz) {
#if !defined(__AVR__)
    sendRaw(aBufferWithMicroseconds, aLengthOfBuffer, aIRFrequencyKilohertz); // Let the function work for non AVR platforms
#else
// Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aIRFrequencyKilohertz);
    /*
     * Raw data starts with a mark
     */
    for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < aLengthOfBuffer; i++) {
        auto duration = pgm_read_word(&aBufferWithMicroseconds[i]);
        if (i & 1) {
            // Odd
            space(duration);
#  if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
            Serial.print(F("S="));
#  endif
        } else {
            mark(duration);
#  if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
            Serial.print(F("M="));
#  endif
        }
#  if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
        Serial.println(duration);
#  endif
    }
#endif
}
 
void IRsend::sendRaw_P(const uint8_t aBufferWithTicks[], uint_fast16_t aLengthOfBuffer, uint_fast8_t aIRFrequencyKilohertz) {
#if !defined(__AVR__)
    sendRaw(aBufferWithTicks, aLengthOfBuffer, aIRFrequencyKilohertz); // Let the function work for non AVR platforms
#else
// Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aIRFrequencyKilohertz);
 
    uint_fast16_t duration;
    for (uint_fast16_t i = 0; i < aLengthOfBuffer; i++) {
        duration = pgm_read_byte(&aBufferWithTicks[i]) * (uint_fast16_t) MICROS_PER_TICK;
        if (i & 1) {
            // Odd
            space(duration);
#  if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
            Serial.print(F("S="));
#  endif
        } else {
            mark(duration);
#  if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
            Serial.print(F("M="));
#  endif
        }
    }
    IRLedOff();  // Always end with the LED off
#  if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
    Serial.println(duration);
#  endif
#endif
}
 
/**********************************************************************************************************************
 * Core send function
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthData(uint16_t aOneMarkMicros, uint16_t aOneSpaceMicros, uint16_t aZeroMarkMicros,
        uint16_t aZeroSpaceMicros, IRRawDataType aData, uint_fast8_t aNumberOfBits, uint8_t aFlags) {
 
#if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
    Serial.print(aData, HEX);
    Serial.print('|');
    Serial.println(aNumberOfBits);
    Serial.flush();
#endif
 
    // For MSBFirst, send data from MSB to LSB until mask bit is shifted out
    IRRawDataType tMask = 1ULL << (aNumberOfBits - 1);
    for (uint_fast8_t i = aNumberOfBits; i > 0; i--) {
        if (((aFlags & PROTOCOL_IS_MSB_MASK) && (aData & tMask)) || (!(aFlags & PROTOCOL_IS_MSB_MASK) && (aData & 1))) {
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
            Serial.print('1');
#endif
            mark(aOneMarkMicros);
            space(aOneSpaceMicros);
        } else {
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
            Serial.print('0');
#endif
            mark(aZeroMarkMicros);
            space(aZeroSpaceMicros);
        }
        if (aFlags & PROTOCOL_IS_MSB_MASK) {
            tMask >>= 1;
        } else {
            aData >>= 1;
        }
    }
    /*
     * Stop bit is sent for all pulse distance protocols i.e. aOneSpaceMicros != aZeroSpaceMicros.
     * Therefore it is not sent for Sony :-)
     * For sending from an array, no intermediate stop bit must be sent for all but last data chunk.
     */
    if ((!(aFlags & SUPPRESS_STOP_BIT)) && (abs(aOneSpaceMicros - aZeroSpaceMicros) > (aOneSpaceMicros / 4))) {
        // Send stop bit here
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
        Serial.print('S');
#endif
        mark(aOneMarkMicros); // Use aOneMarkMicros for stop bits. This seems to be correct for all protocols :-)
    }
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
    Serial.println();
#endif
}
 
/**********************************************************************************************************************
 * Stubs for core send function with PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants parameter
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthData(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants *aProtocolConstants, IRRawDataType aData,
        uint_fast8_t aNumberOfBits) {
 
    sendPulseDistanceWidthData(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneMarkMicros,
            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneSpaceMicros, aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroMarkMicros,
            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroSpaceMicros, aData, aNumberOfBits, aProtocolConstants->Flags);
}
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthData_P(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants const *aProtocolConstantsPGM, IRRawDataType aData,
        uint_fast8_t aNumberOfBits) {
 
    PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants;
    memcpy_P(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aProtocolConstantsPGM,
            sizeof(tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants));
    sendPulseDistanceWidthData(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aData, aNumberOfBits);
}
 
/**********************************************************************************************************************
 * Send functions with detailed parameters
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidth(uint_fast8_t aFrequencyKHz, uint16_t aHeaderMarkMicros, uint16_t aHeaderSpaceMicros,
        uint16_t aOneMarkMicros, uint16_t aOneSpaceMicros, uint16_t aZeroMarkMicros, uint16_t aZeroSpaceMicros, IRRawDataType aData,
        uint_fast8_t aNumberOfBits, uint8_t aFlags, uint16_t aRepeatPeriodMillis, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats,
        void (*aSpecialSendRepeatFunction)()) {
 
    if (aNumberOfRepeats < 0) {
        if (aSpecialSendRepeatFunction != nullptr) {
            aSpecialSendRepeatFunction();
            return;
        } else {
            aNumberOfRepeats = 0; // send a plain frame as repeat
        }
    }
 
    // Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aFrequencyKHz);
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOfCommands = aNumberOfRepeats + 1;
    while (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
        unsigned long tStartOfFrameMillis = millis();
 
        if (tNumberOfCommands < ((uint_fast8_t) aNumberOfRepeats + 1) && aSpecialSendRepeatFunction != nullptr) {
            // send special repeat
            aSpecialSendRepeatFunction();
        } else {
            // Header and regular frame
            mark(aHeaderMarkMicros);
            space(aHeaderSpaceMicros);
            sendPulseDistanceWidthData(aOneMarkMicros, aOneSpaceMicros, aZeroMarkMicros, aZeroSpaceMicros, aData, aNumberOfBits,
                    aFlags);
        }
 
        tNumberOfCommands--;
        // skip last delay!
        if (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
            /*
             * Check and fallback for wrong RepeatPeriodMillis parameter. I.e the repeat period must be greater than each frame duration.
             */
            auto tFrameDurationMillis = millis() - tStartOfFrameMillis;
            if (aRepeatPeriodMillis > tFrameDurationMillis) {
                delay(aRepeatPeriodMillis - tFrameDurationMillis);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(uint_fast8_t aFrequencyKHz, uint16_t aHeaderMarkMicros, uint16_t aHeaderSpaceMicros,
        uint16_t aOneMarkMicros, uint16_t aOneSpaceMicros, uint16_t aZeroMarkMicros, uint16_t aZeroSpaceMicros,
        IRRawDataType *aDecodedRawDataArray, uint16_t aNumberOfBits, uint8_t aFlags, uint16_t aRepeatPeriodMillis,
        int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
    // Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aFrequencyKHz);
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOfCommands = aNumberOfRepeats + 1;
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks = ((aNumberOfBits - 1) / BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE) + 1;
 
#if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
    // fist data
    Serial.print(F("Data[0]=0x"));
    Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataArray[0], HEX);
    if (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks > 1) {
        Serial.print(F(" Data[1]=0x"));
        Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataArray[1], HEX);
    }
    Serial.print(F(" #="));
    Serial.println(aNumberOfBits);
    Serial.flush();
#endif
 
    while (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
        unsigned long tStartOfFrameMillis = millis();
 
        // Header
        mark(aHeaderMarkMicros);
        space(aHeaderSpaceMicros);
 
        for (uint_fast8_t i = 0; i < tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks; ++i) {
            uint8_t tNumberOfBitsForOneSend;
 
            // Manage stop bit
            uint8_t tFlags;
            if (i == (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks - 1)) {
                // End of data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = aNumberOfBits;
                tFlags = aFlags;
            } else {
                // intermediate data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
                tFlags = aFlags | SUPPRESS_STOP_BIT; // No stop bit for leading data
            }
 
            sendPulseDistanceWidthData(aOneMarkMicros, aOneSpaceMicros, aZeroMarkMicros, aZeroSpaceMicros, aDecodedRawDataArray[i],
                    tNumberOfBitsForOneSend, tFlags);
            aNumberOfBits -= BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
        }
 
        tNumberOfCommands--;
        // skip last delay!
        if (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
            /*
             * Check and fallback for wrong RepeatPeriodMillis parameter. I.e the repeat period must be greater than each frame duration.
             */
            auto tFrameDurationMillis = millis() - tStartOfFrameMillis;
            if (aRepeatPeriodMillis > tFrameDurationMillis) {
                delay(aRepeatPeriodMillis - tFrameDurationMillis);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromPGMArray(uint_fast8_t aFrequencyKHz, uint16_t aHeaderMarkMicros, uint16_t aHeaderSpaceMicros,
        uint16_t aOneMarkMicros, uint16_t aOneSpaceMicros, uint16_t aZeroMarkMicros, uint16_t aZeroSpaceMicros,
        IRRawDataType const *aDecodedRawDataPGMArray, uint16_t aNumberOfBits, uint8_t aFlags, uint16_t aRepeatPeriodMillis,
        int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
    // Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aFrequencyKHz);
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOfCommands = aNumberOfRepeats + 1;
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks = ((aNumberOfBits - 1) / BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE) + 1;
 
#if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
    // fist data
    Serial.print(F("Data[0]=0x"));
    Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[0], HEX);
    if (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks > 1) {
        Serial.print(F(" Data[1]=0x"));
        Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[1], HEX);
    }
    Serial.print(F(" #="));
    Serial.println(aNumberOfBits);
    Serial.flush();
#endif
 
    while (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
        unsigned long tStartOfFrameMillis = millis();
 
        // Header
        mark(aHeaderMarkMicros);
        space(aHeaderSpaceMicros);
 
        for (uint_fast8_t i = 0; i < tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks; ++i) {
            uint8_t tNumberOfBitsForOneSend;
 
            // Manage stop bit
            uint8_t tFlags;
            if (i == (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks - 1)) {
                // End of data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = aNumberOfBits;
                tFlags = aFlags;
            } else {
                // intermediate data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
                tFlags = aFlags | SUPPRESS_STOP_BIT; // No stop bit for leading data
            }
 
            IRRawDataType tDecodedRawData;
#if (__INT_WIDTH__ < 32)
            tDecodedRawData = pgm_read_dword(&aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[i]); // pgm_read_dword reads 32 bit on AVR
#else
            tDecodedRawData = aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[i]; // assume non Harvard architecture here
#endif
            sendPulseDistanceWidthData(aOneMarkMicros, aOneSpaceMicros, aZeroMarkMicros, aZeroSpaceMicros, tDecodedRawData,
                    tNumberOfBitsForOneSend, tFlags);
            aNumberOfBits -= BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
        }
 
        tNumberOfCommands--;
        // skip last delay!
        if (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
            /*
             * Check and fallback for wrong RepeatPeriodMillis parameter. I.e the repeat period must be greater than each frame duration.
             */
            auto tFrameDurationMillis = millis() - tStartOfFrameMillis;
            if (aRepeatPeriodMillis > tFrameDurationMillis) {
                delay(aRepeatPeriodMillis - tFrameDurationMillis);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
/**********************************************************************************************************************
 * Stubs for send functions
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(uint_fast8_t aFrequencyKHz, DistanceWidthTimingInfoStruct *aDistanceWidthTimingInfo,
        IRRawDataType *aDecodedRawDataArray, uint16_t aNumberOfBits, uint8_t aFlags, uint16_t aRepeatPeriodMillis,
        int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
    sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(aFrequencyKHz, aDistanceWidthTimingInfo->HeaderMarkMicros,
            aDistanceWidthTimingInfo->HeaderSpaceMicros, aDistanceWidthTimingInfo->OneMarkMicros,
            aDistanceWidthTimingInfo->OneSpaceMicros, aDistanceWidthTimingInfo->ZeroMarkMicros,
            aDistanceWidthTimingInfo->ZeroSpaceMicros, aDecodedRawDataArray, aNumberOfBits, aFlags, aRepeatPeriodMillis,
            aNumberOfRepeats);
}
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray_P(uint_fast8_t aFrequencyKHz,
        DistanceWidthTimingInfoStruct const *aDistanceWidthTimingInfoPGM, IRRawDataType *aDecodedRawDataArray,
        uint16_t aNumberOfBits, uint8_t aFlags, uint16_t aRepeatPeriodMillis, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
    DistanceWidthTimingInfoStruct tTemporaryDistanceWidthTimingInfo;
    memcpy_P(&tTemporaryDistanceWidthTimingInfo, aDistanceWidthTimingInfoPGM, sizeof(tTemporaryDistanceWidthTimingInfo));
    sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(aFrequencyKHz, &tTemporaryDistanceWidthTimingInfo, aDecodedRawDataArray, aNumberOfBits, aFlags,
            aRepeatPeriodMillis, aNumberOfRepeats);
}
 
/**********************************************************************************************************************
 * Send functions with PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants parameter
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidth(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants *aProtocolConstants, IRRawDataType aData,
        uint_fast8_t aNumberOfBits, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
#if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
    Serial.print(F("Data=0x"));
    Serial.print(aData, HEX);
    Serial.print(F(" #="));
    Serial.println(aNumberOfBits);
    Serial.flush();
#endif
 
    if (aNumberOfRepeats < 0) {
        if (aProtocolConstants->SpecialSendRepeatFunction != nullptr) {
            /*
             * Send only a special repeat and return
             */
            aProtocolConstants->SpecialSendRepeatFunction();
            return;
        } else {
            // Send only one plain frame (as repeat)
            aNumberOfRepeats = 0;
        }
    }
 
    // Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aProtocolConstants->FrequencyKHz);
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOfCommands = aNumberOfRepeats + 1;
    while (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
        unsigned long tStartOfFrameMillis = millis();
 
        if (tNumberOfCommands < ((uint_fast8_t) aNumberOfRepeats + 1) && aProtocolConstants->SpecialSendRepeatFunction != nullptr) {
            // send special repeat, if specified and we are not in the first loop
            aProtocolConstants->SpecialSendRepeatFunction();
        } else {
            /*
             * Send Header and regular frame
             */
            mark(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderMarkMicros);
            space(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderSpaceMicros);
            sendPulseDistanceWidthData(aProtocolConstants, aData, aNumberOfBits);
        }
 
        tNumberOfCommands--;
        // skip last delay!
        if (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
            auto tCurrentFrameDurationMillis = millis() - tStartOfFrameMillis;
            /*
             * Check and fallback for wrong RepeatPeriodMillis parameter. I.e the repeat period must be greater than each frame duration.
             */
            if (aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis > tCurrentFrameDurationMillis) {
                delay(aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis - tCurrentFrameDurationMillis);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants *aProtocolConstants,
        IRRawDataType *aDecodedRawDataArray, uint16_t aNumberOfBits, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
// Calling sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray() costs 68 bytes program memory compared to the implementation below
//    sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(aProtocolConstants->FrequencyKHz, aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderMarkMicros,
//            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderSpaceMicros,
//            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneMarkMicros, aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneSpaceMicros,
//            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroMarkMicros, aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroSpaceMicros,
//            aDecodedRawDataArray, aNumberOfBits, aProtocolConstants->Flags, aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis,
//            aNumberOfRepeats);
    // Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aProtocolConstants->FrequencyKHz);
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks = ((aNumberOfBits - 1) / BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE) + 1;
 
#if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
    // fist data
    Serial.print(F("Data[0]=0x"));
    Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataArray[0], HEX);
    if (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks > 1) {
        Serial.print(F(" Data[1]=0x"));
        Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataArray[1], HEX);
    }
    Serial.print(F(" #="));
    Serial.println(aNumberOfBits);
    Serial.flush();
#endif
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOfCommands = aNumberOfRepeats + 1;
    while (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
        auto tStartOfFrameMillis = millis();
        auto tNumberOfBits = aNumberOfBits; // refresh value for repeats
 
        // Header
        mark(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderMarkMicros);
        space(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderSpaceMicros);
        uint8_t tOriginalFlags = aProtocolConstants->Flags;
 
        for (uint_fast8_t i = 0; i < tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks; ++i) {
            uint8_t tNumberOfBitsForOneSend;
 
            uint8_t tFlags;
            if (i == (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks - 1)) {
                // End of data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = tNumberOfBits;
                tFlags = tOriginalFlags;
            } else {
                // intermediate data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
                tFlags = tOriginalFlags | SUPPRESS_STOP_BIT; // No stop bit for leading data
            }
 
            sendPulseDistanceWidthData(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneMarkMicros,
                    aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneSpaceMicros,
                    aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroMarkMicros,
                    aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroSpaceMicros, aDecodedRawDataArray[i], tNumberOfBitsForOneSend,
                    tFlags);
            tNumberOfBits -= BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
        }
 
        tNumberOfCommands--;
        // skip last delay!
        if (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
            /*
             * Check and fallback for wrong RepeatPeriodMillis parameter. I.e the repeat period must be greater than each frame duration.
             */
            auto tFrameDurationMillis = millis() - tStartOfFrameMillis;
            if (aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis > tFrameDurationMillis) {
                delay(aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis - tFrameDurationMillis);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromPGMArray(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants *aProtocolConstants,
        IRRawDataType const *aDecodedRawDataPGMArray, uint16_t aNumberOfBits, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
// Calling sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray() costs 68 bytes program memory compared to the implementation below
//    sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(aProtocolConstants->FrequencyKHz, aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderMarkMicros,
//            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderSpaceMicros,
//            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneMarkMicros, aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneSpaceMicros,
//            aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroMarkMicros, aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroSpaceMicros,
//            aDecodedRawDataArray, aNumberOfBits, aProtocolConstants->Flags, aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis,
//            aNumberOfRepeats);
    // Set IR carrier frequency
    enableIROut(aProtocolConstants->FrequencyKHz);
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks = ((aNumberOfBits - 1) / BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE) + 1;
 
#if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
    // fist data
    Serial.print(F("Data[0]=0x"));
    Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[0], HEX);
    if (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks > 1) {
        Serial.print(F(" Data[1]=0x"));
        Serial.print(aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[1], HEX);
    }
    Serial.print(F(" #="));
    Serial.println(aNumberOfBits);
    Serial.flush();
#endif
 
    uint_fast8_t tNumberOfCommands = aNumberOfRepeats + 1;
    while (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
        auto tStartOfFrameMillis = millis();
        auto tNumberOfBits = aNumberOfBits; // refresh value for repeats
 
        // Header
        mark(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderMarkMicros);
        space(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.HeaderSpaceMicros);
        uint8_t tOriginalFlags = aProtocolConstants->Flags;
 
        for (uint_fast8_t i = 0; i < tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks; ++i) {
            uint8_t tNumberOfBitsForOneSend;
 
            uint8_t tFlags;
            if (i == (tNumberOf32Or64BitChunks - 1)) {
                // End of data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = tNumberOfBits;
                tFlags = tOriginalFlags;
            } else {
                // intermediate data
                tNumberOfBitsForOneSend = BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
                tFlags = tOriginalFlags | SUPPRESS_STOP_BIT; // No stop bit for leading data
            }
 
            IRRawDataType tDecodedRawData;
#if (__INT_WIDTH__ < 32)
            tDecodedRawData = pgm_read_dword(&aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[i]); // pgm_read_dword reads 32 bit on AVR
#else
            tDecodedRawData = aDecodedRawDataPGMArray[i]; // assume non Harvard architecture here
#endif
            sendPulseDistanceWidthData(aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneMarkMicros,
                    aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.OneSpaceMicros,
                    aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroMarkMicros,
                    aProtocolConstants->DistanceWidthTimingInfo.ZeroSpaceMicros, tDecodedRawData, tNumberOfBitsForOneSend, tFlags);
            tNumberOfBits -= BITS_IN_RAW_DATA_TYPE;
        }
 
        tNumberOfCommands--;
        // skip last delay!
        if (tNumberOfCommands > 0) {
            /*
             * Check and fallback for wrong RepeatPeriodMillis parameter. I.e the repeat period must be greater than each frame duration.
             */
            auto tFrameDurationMillis = millis() - tStartOfFrameMillis;
            if (aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis > tFrameDurationMillis) {
                delay(aProtocolConstants->RepeatPeriodMillis - tFrameDurationMillis);
            }
        }
    }
}
 
/**********************************************************************************************************************
 * Stubs for send functions with PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants parameter
 **********************************************************************************************************************/
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray_P(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants const *aProtocolConstantsPGM,
        IRRawDataType *aDecodedRawDataArray, uint16_t aNumberOfBits, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
    PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants;
    memcpy_P(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aProtocolConstantsPGM,
            sizeof(tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants));
    sendPulseDistanceWidthFromArray(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aDecodedRawDataArray, aNumberOfBits,
            aNumberOfRepeats);
}
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidthFromPGMArray_P(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants const *aProtocolConstantsPGM,
        IRRawDataType const *aDecodedRawDataPGMArray, uint16_t aNumberOfBits, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
 
    PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants;
    memcpy_P(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aProtocolConstantsPGM,
            sizeof(tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants));
    sendPulseDistanceWidthFromPGMArray(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aDecodedRawDataPGMArray, aNumberOfBits,
            aNumberOfRepeats);
}
 
void IRsend::sendPulseDistanceWidth_P(PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants const *aProtocolConstantsPGM, IRRawDataType aData,
        uint_fast8_t aNumberOfBits, int_fast8_t aNumberOfRepeats) {
    PulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants;
    memcpy_P(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aProtocolConstantsPGM,
            sizeof(tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants));
    sendPulseDistanceWidth(&tTemporaryPulseDistanceWidthProtocolConstants, aData, aNumberOfBits, aNumberOfRepeats);
}
 
void IRsend::sendBiphaseData(uint16_t aBiphaseTimeUnit, uint32_t aData, uint_fast8_t aNumberOfBits) {
 
    IR_TRACE_PRINT(F("0x"));
    IR_TRACE_PRINT(aData, HEX);
 
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
    Serial.print('S');
#endif
 
// Data - Biphase code MSB first
// prepare for start with sending the start bit, which is 1
    uint32_t tMask = 1UL << aNumberOfBits;    // mask is now set for the virtual start bit
    uint_fast8_t tLastBitValue = 1;    // Start bit is a 1
    bool tNextBitIsOne = 1;    // Start bit is a 1
    for (uint_fast8_t i = aNumberOfBits + 1; i > 0; i--) {
        bool tCurrentBitIsOne = tNextBitIsOne;
        tMask >>= 1;
        tNextBitIsOne = ((aData & tMask) != 0) || (i == 1); // true for last bit to avoid extension of mark
        if (tCurrentBitIsOne) {
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
            Serial.print('1');
#endif
            space(aBiphaseTimeUnit);
            if (tNextBitIsOne) {
                mark(aBiphaseTimeUnit);
            } else {
                // if next bit is 0, extend the current mark in order to generate a continuous signal without short breaks
                mark(2 * aBiphaseTimeUnit);
            }
            tLastBitValue = 1;
 
        } else {
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
            Serial.print('0');
#endif
            if (!tLastBitValue) {
                mark(aBiphaseTimeUnit);
            }
            space(aBiphaseTimeUnit);
            tLastBitValue = 0;
        }
    }
    IR_TRACE_PRINTLN();
}
 
void IRsend::mark(uint16_t aMarkMicros) {
 
#if defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER) || defined(USE_NO_SEND_PWM)
#  if defined(LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
    setFeedbackLED(true);
#  endif
#endif
 
#if defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
    /*
     * Generate hardware PWM signal
     */
    enableSendPWMByTimer(); // Enable timer or ledcWrite() generated PWM output
    customDelayMicroseconds(aMarkMicros);
    IRLedOff(); // disables hardware PWM and manages feedback LED
    return;
 
#elif defined(USE_NO_SEND_PWM)
    /*
     * Here we generate no carrier PWM, just simulate an active low receiver signal.
     */
#  if defined(USE_OPEN_DRAIN_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) && !defined(OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN)
    // Here we have no hardware supported Open Drain outputs, so we must mimicking it
    pinModeFast(sendPin, OUTPUT); // active state for mimicking open drain
#  elif defined(USE_ACTIVE_HIGH_OUTPUT_FOR_NO_SEND_PWM) || defined(USE_ACTIVE_HIGH_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) // USE_ACTIVE_HIGH_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN is old and deprecated
    digitalWriteFast(sendPin, HIGH); // Set output to active high.
#  else
    digitalWriteFast(sendPin, LOW); // Set output to active low.
#  endif
 
    customDelayMicroseconds(aMarkMicros);
    IRLedOff();
#  if defined(LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
    setFeedbackLED(false);
    return;
#  endif
 
#else // defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
 
    unsigned long tMicrosOfEndOfNextPWMPause = micros();
#  if defined(LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
    unsigned long tStartMicros = tMicrosOfEndOfNextPWMPause + (136 / CLOCKS_PER_MICRO); // To compensate for call duration and activating of LED
    bool tFeedbackLedIsActive = false;
#else
    unsigned long tStartMicros = tMicrosOfEndOfNextPWMPause + (112 / CLOCKS_PER_MICRO); // To compensate for call duration - 112 is an empirical value
#endif
 
    /***************************************************************************************************
     * Generate the IR PWM with 30% duty cycle with a frequency of e.g. 38 kHz by software / bit banging
     **************************************************************************************************/
    do {
//        digitalToggleFast(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN);
        /*****************************************
         * Output the PWM pulse - IR LED is active
         ****************************************/
        noInterrupts(); // do not let interrupts extend the short on period
#  if defined(USE_OPEN_DRAIN_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) || defined(USE_ACTIVE_LOW_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN)
#    if defined(USE_ACTIVE_LOW_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) || defined(OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN)
        if (__builtin_constant_p(sendPin)) {
            digitalWriteFast(sendPin, LOW); // set output to active low. Also applicable for pin with mode OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN :-)
        } else {
            digitalWrite(sendPin, LOW);
        }
#    else
        pinModeFast(sendPin, OUTPUT); // active state for mimicking open drain
#    endif
#  else
        // 3.5 us from FeedbackLed on to pin setting. 5.7 us from call of mark() to pin setting incl. setting of feedback pin.
        // 4.3 us from do{ to pin setting if sendPin is no constant
        // check must be here because of MegaTinyCore and its badArg() check
        if (__builtin_constant_p(sendPin)) {
            digitalWriteFast(sendPin, HIGH);
        } else {
            digitalWrite(sendPin, HIGH);
        }
#  endif
        /*
         * Timing for the on time of the e.g. 38 kHz signal.
         * On time is 8 us for 30% duty cycle. This is normally implemented by a blocking wait.
         */
        delayMicroseconds (periodOnTimeMicros);
 
        /*******************************************
         * Output the PWM pause - IR LED is inactive
         ******************************************/
#  if defined(USE_OPEN_DRAIN_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) || defined(USE_ACTIVE_LOW_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN)
#    if defined(USE_ACTIVE_LOW_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) || defined(OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN)
        if (__builtin_constant_p(sendPin)) {
            digitalWriteFast(sendPin, HIGH);  // Set output to inactive high. Also applicable for pin with mode OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN
        } else {
            digitalWrite(sendPin, HIGH);
        }
#    else
        pinModeFast(sendPin, INPUT); // to mimic the open drain inactive state
#    endif
 
#  else
        if (__builtin_constant_p(sendPin)) {
            digitalWriteFast(sendPin, LOW);
        } else {
            digitalWrite(sendPin, LOW);
        }
#  endif
        /*
         * Enable interrupts at start of the longer off period. Required at least to keep micros correct.
         * If receive interrupt is still active, it takes 3.4 us from now until receive ISR is active (for 7 us + pop's)
         */
        interrupts();
 
#  if defined(LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
        /*
         * Delayed call of setFeedbackLED() to get better startup timing, especially required for consecutive marks
         */
        if (!tFeedbackLedIsActive) {
            tFeedbackLedIsActive = true; // do it only once
            setFeedbackLED(true);
        }
#  endif
        /********************************************************************************************************************************
         * Check for end of the PWM pause with micros() < tMicrosOfEndOfNextPWMPause.
         * This generates the timing for the transmit frequency e.g. 38 kHz
         * Measured delta between pause duration values are 8 us for a 16 MHz Uno (from 15 to 23), if interrupts are disabled below
         * Minimal pause duration is 5.2 us
         *******************************************************************************************************************************/
        tMicrosOfEndOfNextPWMPause += periodTimeMicros;
#if defined(__AVR__) // micros() for STM sometimes give decreasing values if interrupts are disabled. See https://github.com/stm32duino/Arduino_Core_STM32/issues/1680
        noInterrupts(); // disable interrupts (especially the 20 us receive interrupts) only at start of the PWM pause. Otherwise it may extend the pause too much.
#endif
        unsigned long tMicros;
        do {
#if defined(_IR_MEASURE_TIMING) && defined(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN)
            digitalWriteFast(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN, HIGH); // 2 clock cycles
#endif
            /*
             * For AVR @16MHz we have only 4 us resolution.
             * The duration of the micros() call itself is 3 us.
             * It takes 0.9 us from signal going low to here.
             * The rest of the loop takes 1.2 us
             */
#if defined(_IR_MEASURE_TIMING) && defined(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN)
            digitalWriteFast(_IR_TIMING_TEST_PIN, LOW); // 2 clock cycles
#endif
 
            /*************************************************
             * Check for end of mark duration / PWM generation
             ************************************************/
            tMicros = micros();
            uint16_t tDeltaMicros = tMicros - tStartMicros;
            // reset feedback led in the last pause before end
//            tDeltaMicros += (160 / CLOCKS_PER_MICRO); // adding this once increases program size, so do it below !
            if (tDeltaMicros >= aMarkMicros) {
#if defined(LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
                setFeedbackLED(false);
#endif
#if defined(__AVR__)
                interrupts();
#endif
                return;
            }
        } while (tMicros < tMicrosOfEndOfNextPWMPause); // = End of one PWM period
    } while (true);
#  endif
}
 
void IRsend::IRLedOff() {
#if defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
    disableSendPWMByTimer(); // Disable PWM output
#elif defined(USE_NO_SEND_PWM)
#  if defined(USE_OPEN_DRAIN_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) && !defined(OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN)
    digitalWriteFast(sendPin, LOW); // prepare for all next active states.
    pinModeFast(sendPin, INPUT);// inactive state for open drain
#  elif defined(USE_ACTIVE_HIGH_OUTPUT_FOR_NO_SEND_PWM) || defined(USE_ACTIVE_HIGH_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) // USE_ACTIVE_HIGH_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN is old and deprecated
    digitalWriteFast(sendPin, LOW); // Set output to inactive low.
#  else
    digitalWriteFast(sendPin, HIGH); // Set output to inactive high.
#  endif
#else
#  if defined(USE_OPEN_DRAIN_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) || defined(USE_ACTIVE_LOW_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN)
#    if defined(USE_ACTIVE_LOW_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) || defined(OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN)
    if (__builtin_constant_p(sendPin)) {
        digitalWriteFast(sendPin, HIGH); // set output to inactive high.
    } else {
        digitalWrite(sendPin, HIGH);
    }
#    else
    pinModeFast(sendPin, INPUT); // inactive state to mimic open drain
#    endif
#  else
    if (__builtin_constant_p(sendPin)) {
        digitalWriteFast(sendPin, LOW); // set output to active low.
    } else {
        digitalWrite(sendPin, LOW);
    }
#  endif
#endif
 
#if defined(LED_SEND_FEEDBACK_CODE)
    setFeedbackLED(false);
#endif
}
 
void IRsend::space(uint16_t aSpaceMicros) {
    customDelayMicroseconds(aSpaceMicros);
}
 
void IRsend::customDelayMicroseconds(unsigned long aMicroseconds) {
#if defined(ESP32) || defined(ESP8266)
    // from https://github.com/crankyoldgit/IRremoteESP8266/blob/00b27cc7ea2e7ac1e48e91740723c805a38728e0/src/IRsend.cpp#L123
    // Invoke a delay(), where possible, to avoid triggering the WDT.
    // see https://github.com/Arduino-IRremote/Arduino-IRremote/issues/1114 for the reason of checking for > 16383)
    // delayMicroseconds() is only accurate to 16383 us. Ref: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/delayMicroseconds
    if (aMicroseconds > 16383) {
        delay(aMicroseconds / 1000UL);  // Delay for as many whole milliseconds as we can.
        // Delay the remaining sub-millisecond.
        delayMicroseconds(static_cast<uint16_t>(aMicroseconds % 1000UL));
    } else {
        delayMicroseconds(aMicroseconds);
    }
#else
 
#  if defined(__AVR__)
    unsigned long start = micros() - (64 / clockCyclesPerMicrosecond()); // - (64 / clockCyclesPerMicrosecond()) for reduced resolution and additional overhead
#  else
    unsigned long start = micros();
#  endif
// overflow invariant comparison :-)
    while (micros() - start < aMicroseconds) {
    }
#endif
}
 
void IRsend::enableIROut(uint_fast8_t aFrequencyKHz) {
#if defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
    timerConfigForSend(aFrequencyKHz); // must set output pin mode and disable receive interrupt if required, e.g. uses the same resource
 
#elif defined(USE_NO_SEND_PWM)
    (void) aFrequencyKHz;
 
#else
    periodTimeMicros = (1000U + (aFrequencyKHz / 2)) / aFrequencyKHz; // rounded value -> 26 for 38.46 kHz, 27 for 37.04 kHz, 25 for 40 kHz.
#  if defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
    periodOnTimeMicros = (((periodTimeMicros * IR_SEND_DUTY_CYCLE_PERCENT) + 50) / 100U); // +50 for rounding -> 830/100 for 30% and 16 MHz
#  else
// Heuristics! We require a nanosecond correction for "slow" digitalWrite() functions
    periodOnTimeMicros = (((periodTimeMicros * IR_SEND_DUTY_CYCLE_PERCENT) + 50 - (PULSE_CORRECTION_NANOS / 10)) / 100U); // +50 for rounding -> 530/100 for 30% and 16 MHz
#  endif
#endif // defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
 
#if defined(USE_OPEN_DRAIN_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN) && defined(OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN) // the mode INPUT for mimicking open drain is set at IRLedOff()
#  if defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
    pinModeFast(IR_SEND_PIN, OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN);
#  else
    pinModeFast(sendPin, OUTPUT_OPEN_DRAIN);
#  endif
#else
 
// For Non AVR platforms pin mode for SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER must be handled by the timerConfigForSend() function
// because ESP 2.0.2 ledcWrite does not work if pin mode is set, and RP2040 requires gpio_set_function(IR_SEND_PIN, GPIO_FUNC_PWM);
#  if defined(__AVR__) || !defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
#    if defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
    pinModeFast(IR_SEND_PIN, OUTPUT);
#    else
    if (__builtin_constant_p(sendPin)) {
        pinModeFast(sendPin, OUTPUT);
    } else {
        pinMode(sendPin, OUTPUT);
    }
#    endif
#  endif
#endif // defined(USE_OPEN_DRAIN_OUTPUT_FOR_SEND_PIN)
}
 
#if defined(SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER)
// Used for Bang&Olufsen
void IRsend::enableHighFrequencyIROut(uint_fast16_t aFrequencyKHz) {
    timerConfigForSend(aFrequencyKHz); // must set output pin mode and disable receive interrupt if required, e.g. uses the same resource
    // For Non AVR platforms pin mode for SEND_PWM_BY_TIMER must be handled by the timerConfigForSend() function
    // because ESP 2.0.2 ledcWrite does not work if pin mode is set, and RP2040 requires gpio_set_function(IR_SEND_PIN, GPIO_FUNC_PWM);
#  if defined(__AVR__)
#    if defined(IR_SEND_PIN)
    pinModeFast(IR_SEND_PIN, OUTPUT);
#    else
    pinModeFast(sendPin, OUTPUT);
#    endif
#  endif
}
#endif
 
uint16_t IRsend::getPulseCorrectionNanos() {
    return PULSE_CORRECTION_NANOS;
}
 
#if defined(_IR_MEASURE_TIMING)
#undef _IR_MEASURE_TIMING
#endif
#if defined(LOCAL_TRACE)
#undef LOCAL_TRACE
#endif
#if defined(LOCAL_DEBUG)
#undef LOCAL_DEBUG
#endif
#endif // _IR_SEND_HPP